↑ Ribeiro, Ângelo; Hermano, José (2004), História de Portugal I — A Formação do Território [History of Portugal: The Formation of the Territory] (bằng tiếng Bồ Đào Nha), QuidNovi, ISBN989-554-106-6Quản lý CS1: ngôn ngữ không rõ (liên kết)
↑ Abdurrahman Ali El-Hajji (1965), "Christian States in Northern Spain During the Umayyad Period (138–366 A.H./A.D. 755–976): The Borders of those States, their kings, Internal Relations; Its Influence on their Relations and Motives for their Diplomatic Relations with the Muslims," Islamic Quarterly, 9(1/2), 51; Roger Collins (1983), Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400–1000 (Macmillan), 242.
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